场效应晶体管生物传感器在生物医学检测中的应用研究进展*

场效应晶体管生物传感器因其灵敏度高、分析速度快、无标记、体积小、操作简单等特点而受到了很多关注,广泛应用于DNA、蛋白质、细胞、离子等生物识别物的检测。近年来,更有纳米材料和微电子技术在传感器设计中提高传感器的传感性能,场效应晶体管生物传感器朝着高灵敏、微型化、快速化以及多功能化的方向以令人惊叹的速度发展。研究场效应晶体管生物传感器工作原理,阐述近年来场效应晶体管生物传感器在生物医学检测领域中最新的研究进展与应用,探讨场效应晶体管生物传感器克服各种缺陷的应对策略,为该传感器在未来生物医学检测中的开发提供参考。     

彩色多普勒超声对盆腔瘀血综合征的诊断价值及与临床因素的相关性研究

目的:探讨盆腔瘀血综合征患者彩色多普勒超声的影像学特征及与临床因素的相关性。方法:对112例盆腔瘀血综合征患者行彩色多普勒超声检查,按超声诊断分级Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级分为62例、27例、23例,观察彩色多普勒超声的影像学特征,分析静脉内径与病程的相关性,并分析超声诊断分级与临床症状积分、体质量指数(BMI)、妊娠次数、既往工作站立时间的相关性。结果:不同超声诊断分级患者的静脉内径、静脉丛范围和静脉流速差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。静脉内径与病程呈正相关(P<0.05),超声诊断分级与临床症状积分、妊娠次数、既往工作站立时间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与BMI呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声对盆腔瘀血综合征具有特异性的诊断价值,超声诊断分级、静脉内径与临床因素存在一定的的关联性。     

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉联合椎间融合复位治疗老年重度腰椎滑脱的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察椎间融合复位联合骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉治疗老年重度腰椎滑脱的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析我院于2016年3月~2019年3月期间收治的老年重度腰椎滑脱患者92例,根据治疗方案的不同可将患者分为A组（n=44）和B组（n=48）,A组给予椎弓根螺钉联合椎间融合复位治疗,B组给予骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉联合椎间融合复位治疗,对比两组视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）及日本骨科协会（JOA）腰腿痛评分、临床指标、滑脱距离、滑脱率、椎间隙高度、椎间融合率、椎间孔高度、并发症及螺钉松动情况。结果：术后12个月,两组VAS、ODI、JOA评分均下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术中出血量对比组间无统计学差异（P>0.05）,B组手术时间长于A组,住院时间短于A组,椎间融合率高于A组（P<0.05）。术后12个月,两组滑脱距离、滑脱率均下降,且B组小于A组（P<0.05）。术后12个月,两组椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度均升高,且B组高于A组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：老年重度腰椎滑脱患者椎间融合复位联合骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉治疗,虽一定程度上延长了手术时间,但可促进临床症状,改善椎间高度及腰椎滑脱程度,缩短住院时间,且不增加并发症发生率。     

麦田肥料减施下深耕对麦叶爪螨和麦岩螨种群发生的影响

为探究不同耕作方式和肥料水平对两种麦田害螨(麦叶爪螨Pentfaleus major和麦岩螨Petrobia latens)种群发生的影响,2019-2020年研究了浅耕(耕深13 cm)和深耕(耕深25cm)下标准施肥(600 kg/hm2)和肥料减施(375 kg/hm2)麦田两种害螨的若虫、成虫和种群发生动态.结果表明:相同肥料和耕作处理中麦叶爪螨发生量都明显高于麦岩螨发生量,麦叶爪螨是麦田主要害螨.与标准肥处理相比,肥料减施显著降低了 2019年浅耕和深耕下麦岩螨若虫发生量,以及2020年深耕麦田麦岩螨种群发生量.另一方面,与浅耕处理相比,深耕显著降低了 2019年标准肥麦田麦岩螨若虫发生量,并显著降低了 2019年和2020年标准肥麦田麦叶爪螨成虫发生量,以及2019年和2020年标准肥麦田麦叶爪螨和麦岩螨种群发生量.可见,肥料减施和深耕处理都可降低麦田麦叶爪螨和麦岩螨种群发生量,有利于实现麦田害螨生态防控.     

蛹虫草饲料添加剂的研究现状及展望

蛹虫草饲料添加剂包括蛹虫草子实体、蛹虫草培养残基、蛹虫草及其培养残基提取物、蛹虫草菌固液发酵产物、 微生物发酵蛹虫草残基等产品。蛹虫草饲料添加剂含有粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸等营养成分,以及虫草素、腺苷、多糖等活性成分,在畜禽、反刍动物、水产品等动物养殖中的应用均获得较好的 效果。对蛹虫草子实体、蛹虫草培养残基、蛹虫草及其培养残基提取物、利用蛹虫草菌及培养残基制作发酵饲料等蛹虫草饲料添加剂在动物养殖中的研究应用进行了总结,对存在的问题及发展前景进行了探讨及展望。     

承气活血通腑汤联合穴位贴敷治疗粘连性肠梗阻的疗效及对胃肠功能和血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨承气活血通腑汤联合穴位贴敷治疗粘连性肠梗阻的疗效及对胃肠功能和血清炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2018年2月到2020年7月期间于我院接受诊治的粘连性肠梗阻患者60例。分组方法采用随机数字表法,将入选患者分为对照组(n=30,常规治疗)、研究组(n=30,对照组的基础上给予承气活血通腑汤联合穴位贴敷治疗),对比两组疗效、胃肠功能、炎性因子、住院时间、住院费用、临床症状评分。结果:研究组的临床总有效率较对照组高(P<0.05)。两组治疗12d后血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较治疗前降低,且研究组较对照组低(P<0.05)。两组治疗12d后腹部胀痛、排便排气、恶心呕吐、口苦口干评分较治疗前降低,且研究组较对照组低(P<0.05)。研究组胃管拔除时间、恢复正常饮食时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组住院时间短于对照组,住院费用少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:承气活血通腑汤联合穴位贴敷治疗粘连性肠梗阻的疗效确切,可改善患者临床症状和胃肠功能,促进患者早日恢复,减少住院费用,降低机体炎性因子水平。     

A novel dominant-negative PD-1 armored anti-CD19 CAR T cell is safe and effective against refractory/relapsed B cell lymphoma

Refractory/relapsed B cell lymphoma patients who received the available anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells may still experience a short duration of remission. Here in this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel dominant-negative programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) armored anti-CD19 CAR T cells. A total of 9 patients (including 4 diffuse large B cell lymphomas, DLBCL, 2 transformed follicular lymphomas, TFL, and 3 follicular lymphomas, FL) received the novel CAR T cells infusion at a dose of more than 1 × 10⁶/kg. Grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity were observed in 11.1% (n = 1/9) and 11.1% (n = 1/9) of patients, respectively. The overall response rate (ORR) was 77.8% (n = 7/9) and complete response (CR) rate was 55.6% (n = 5/9). Two patients have ongoing CR (all at 20+ months). CAR T cells expanded after infusion and continued to be detectable at 12+ months in patients with ongoing CR. This novel CD19-CAR T cell was safe and effective with durable remissions in patients with refractory/relapsed B cell lymphoma.     

Hepatocellular cancer therapy in patients with HIV infection: Disparities in cancer care,trials enrolment,and cancer-related research

In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is arising as a common late complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with a great impact on morbidity and mortality. Though HIV infection alone may not be sufficient to promote hepatocarcinogenesis, the complex interaction of HIV with hepatitis is a main aspect influencing HCC morbidity and mortality.Data about sorafenib effectiveness and safety in HIV-infected patients are limited, particularly for patients who are on HAART. However, in properly selected subgroups, outcomes may be comparable to those of HIV-uninfected patients. Scarce data are available for those other systemic treatments, either tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have been added to our therapeutic armamentarium. This review examines the influence of HIV infection on HCC development and natural history, summarizes main data on systemic therapies, offers some insight into possible mechanisms of T cell exhaustion and reversal of HIV latency with ICIs and issues about clinical trials enrollment. Nowadays, routine exclusion of HIV-infected patients from clinical trial participation is totally inappropriate, since it leaves a number of patients deprived of life-prolonging therapies.     

Clinical relevance of oncogenic driver mutations identified in endometrial carcinoma

PurposeEndometrial carcinoma (EC) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by a number of different histological subtypes, and its heterogeneity may be involved in the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. The aim of this work was to investigate the comprehensive mutational profile of EC tumors, and examine the associations between somatic mutations and clinicopathological features or survival in EC patients.MethodsA total of 100 surgical tumors were obtained from EC patients who had previously undergone surgery. Genomic DNA samples extracted from fresh-frozen tissues were analyzed using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 Kit, covering 50 tumor-related genes.ResultsValidated mutations were detected in 91 of the 100 tumors (91%) and identified in eight of the most frequently mutated genes, namely PTEN (57%), PIK3CA (51%), TP53 (30%), KRAS (23%), CTNNB1 (21%), FBFR2 (13%), FBXW7(10%) and RB1 (9%). PTEN mutations were found to associated with young age (< 60), early-stage, endometrioid histology, non-recurrence and better overall survival (OS). CTNNB1 mutations were associated with young age, endometrioid histology and better OS. On the other hands, TP53 mutations were associated with late-stage, non-endometrioid histology, high-grade, recurrence and worse OS. FBWX7 mutations were associated with late-stage, vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. FGFR2 mutations correlated with deep (≥ 1/2) myometrial invasion.ConclusionOur comprehensive mutational profile will be useful for understanding and evaluating the molecular characteristics of EC tumors, and may lead to the establishment of novel treatment strategies that improve the survival of patients with EC in the future.     

Targeting mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe pneumonia patients

Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world’s leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age.The latest coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus is a prominent culprit to severe pneumonia.With the pandemic running rampant for the past year,more than 1590000 deaths has occurred worldwide up to December 2020 and are substantially attributable to severe pneumonia and induced cytokine storm.Effective therapeutic approaches in addition to the vaccines and drugs under development are hence greatly sought after.Therapies harnessing stem cells and their derivatives have been established by basic research for their versatile capacity to specifically inhibit inflammation due to pneumonia and prevent alveolar/pulmonary fibrosis while enhancing antibacterial/antiviral immunity,thus significantly alleviating the severe clinical conditions of pneumonia.In recent clinical trials,mesenchymal stem cells have shown effectiveness in reducing COVID-19-associated pneumonia morbidity and mortality;positioning these cells as worthy candidates for combating one of the greatest challenges of our time and shedding light on their prospects as a nextgeneration therapy to counter future challenges.